Seeing a red spot in your eye can be startling. It often looks like a small patch of blood on the white part of the eye. This happens when tiny blood vessels, called capillaries, burst under the surface.
Known as a subconjunctival hemorrhage, this condition is usually harmless. It can occur suddenly and may clear up on its own. However, understanding what can cause blood vessels in the eye to burst can help ease worries and guide you on when to act.
This article explores the reasons behind burst blood vessels in the eye in simple terms. From everyday triggers to medical conditions, we’ll cover causes, symptoms, and prevention. You’ll also learn when to seek medical advice for peace of mind.
What Is a Subconjunctival Hemorrhage?
A subconjunctival hemorrhage is when a blood vessel in the eye’s conjunctiva breaks. The conjunctiva is the clear layer covering the white part of the eye. Blood gets trapped under this layer, creating a red spot.
These spots are usually painless and don’t affect vision. They often resolve within one to two weeks. However, frequent occurrences may need further investigation.
Common Causes of Burst Blood Vessels in the Eye
Many factors can lead to burst blood vessels in the eye. Some are minor, while others may point to health issues. Let’s look at the most common reasons.
Physical Triggers
Physical actions or injuries can cause capillaries to rupture. These are often preventable with care.
- Sudden Pressure Changes: Coughing, sneezing, or vomiting can increase eye pressure. This may cause a vessel to burst.
- Eye Trauma: Rubbing the eye too hard or minor injuries can damage vessels. Even contact lenses can contribute if not used properly.
- Straining: Heavy lifting or intense exercise can raise blood pressure. This sometimes leads to burst vessels.
Medical Conditions
Certain health conditions increase the risk of subconjunctival hemorrhage. These may require medical attention.
- High Blood Pressure: Uncontrolled hypertension weakens blood vessels. This makes them more likely to burst.
- Blood Disorders: Conditions like hemophilia or low platelet counts affect clotting. This can lead to easier vessel rupture.
- Diabetes: High blood sugar can damage blood vessels over time. This increases the risk of hemorrhages in the eye.
Medications and Substances
Some medications or substances can weaken blood vessels. Always consult a doctor about side effects.
- Blood Thinners: Drugs like aspirin or warfarin reduce clotting ability. This can make vessels more prone to breaking.
- Alcohol or Smoking: Excessive alcohol or nicotine can affect blood vessels. Moderation helps reduce risks.
Symptoms of Burst Blood Vessels
A burst blood vessel typically appears as a bright red spot on the eye’s white. It’s usually painless and doesn’t blur vision. Some people feel slight irritation or a scratchy sensation.
The spot may spread before shrinking as the body absorbs the blood. If pain, vision changes, or other symptoms occur, see a doctor. Tracking symptoms helps with diagnosis.
When to Seek Medical Help
Most subconjunctival hemorrhages are harmless and resolve without treatment. However, certain signs suggest a need for medical evaluation. Don’t ignore persistent or unusual symptoms.
- Frequent Recurrence: Repeated hemorrhages may signal an underlying issue. A doctor can investigate potential causes.
- Vision Changes: Blurred vision or pain with a red spot needs prompt attention. These could indicate a more serious condition.
- Other Symptoms: Bleeding in other areas, like gums or nose, warrants a checkup. It may point to a clotting disorder.
Doctors may use an eye exam or blood tests to find the cause. Early evaluation ensures proper care.
How Blood Vessels in the Eye Work
The eye’s conjunctiva contains tiny, delicate blood vessels. These capillaries supply blood to the eye’s surface. They’re thin and can break under pressure or injury.
When a vessel bursts, blood leaks under the conjunctiva but stays contained. This creates the red appearance. Understanding this process explains what can cause blood vessels in the eye to burst.
Risk Factors for Burst Blood Vessels
Certain factors make burst blood vessels more likely. Knowing these helps with prevention.
| Risk Factor | How It Contributes |
|---|---|
| Age | Older adults have weaker blood vessels. |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure strains capillaries. |
| Blood Thinners | Medications increase bleeding risk. |
| Eye Strain | Frequent rubbing or strain weakens vessels. |
Managing these risks, like controlling blood pressure, can lower chances of hemorrhages. Regular health checkups are key.
Managing and Treating Burst Blood Vessels
Most burst blood vessels heal on their own within one to two weeks. No specific treatment is usually needed. However, addressing the cause can prevent recurrence.
- Rest the Eyes: Avoid rubbing or straining the eyes. This helps the healing process.
- Use Artificial Tears: Lubricating drops can ease irritation. Choose preservative-free options for comfort.
- Monitor Symptoms: Keep track of the spot’s size or new symptoms. Report changes to a doctor.
For underlying conditions like hypertension, follow medical advice. Treatments like medication adjustments may be necessary.
Diagnosing Burst Blood Vessels
A doctor diagnoses a subconjunctival hemorrhage with a simple eye exam. They check the size and location of the red spot. A slit-lamp exam may provide a closer look.
If recurrent, blood tests or blood pressure checks may be ordered. These identify issues like clotting disorders or hypertension. Accurate diagnosis guides any needed treatment.
Are Burst Blood Vessels Dangerous?
Most burst blood vessels in the eye are harmless. They often result from temporary pressure changes, like sneezing or straining. The body absorbs the blood naturally over time.
However, frequent or painful hemorrhages may signal a health issue. Conditions like high blood pressure or blood disorders need attention. Always consult a doctor if concerned.
Preventing Burst Blood Vessels
Prevention focuses on reducing strain and maintaining health. Control blood pressure with a healthy diet and exercise. Avoid heavy lifting or intense straining when possible.
Protect your eyes from trauma by wearing safety glasses if needed. Limit alcohol and quit smoking to support vessel health. Regular medical checkups catch problems early.
Summary
A subconjunctival hemorrhage, or what can cause blood vessels in the eye to burst, is often a harmless condition. Common triggers include sneezing, high blood pressure, or blood thinners. While most cases resolve without treatment, frequent occurrences or symptoms like pain need a doctor’s evaluation. By managing health conditions and avoiding eye strain, you can reduce the risk of burst vessels and maintain eye health.
FAQ
What can cause blood vessels in the eye to burst?
Sudden pressure from coughing, sneezing, or straining can cause vessels to burst. Medical conditions like hypertension or blood disorders also contribute. Most cases are harmless but may need checking if frequent.
Is a burst blood vessel in the eye serious?
Usually, it’s not serious and heals within one to two weeks. However, recurring hemorrhages or those with pain or vision changes need medical attention. A doctor can rule out underlying issues.
Can stress cause burst blood vessels in the eye?
Stress can raise blood pressure, which may weaken eye vessels. This could lead to a burst vessel. Managing stress through relaxation techniques can help prevent this.
How can I prevent burst blood vessels in my eye?
Control blood pressure with a healthy lifestyle and avoid eye strain. Use protective eyewear during activities that risk injury. Regular checkups catch issues early.
When should I see a doctor for a burst blood vessel?
See a doctor if the red spot is painful, affects vision, or recurs often. Accompanying symptoms like bleeding elsewhere also need evaluation. Early diagnosis ensures proper care.