Wegovy is a prescription medication used for weight loss and managing heart health risks. It contains semaglutide, a substance that mimics a natural hormone to control appetite. Many people have found it helpful for shedding pounds, but it’s important to know its side effects.
This article explains the side effects of Wegovy in simple terms. From common issues like nausea to rare but serious risks, we’ll cover what you might experience. You’ll also learn how to manage these effects and when to seek medical help.
Understanding what to expect can make your journey with Wegovy smoother. Always talk to your doctor before starting this medication. Let’s dive into the details of what are the side effects of Wegovy.
How Wegovy Works
Wegovy is a GLP-1 receptor agonist. It acts like a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1, which helps regulate hunger. By slowing digestion and reducing appetite, it helps you eat less.
The medication is given as a weekly injection under the skin. You start with a low dose, which increases over time to reduce side effects. It’s used alongside a healthy diet and exercise for best results.
Wegovy is approved for adults and children over 12 with obesity. It’s also used for overweight adults with weight-related health issues, like diabetes or high blood pressure. In 2024, the FDA approved it to lower heart attack and stroke risks in some adults.
Common Side Effects of Wegovy
Most people taking Wegovy experience mild side effects. These often happen when starting treatment or increasing the dose. They usually improve as your body adjusts.
The most frequent side effects affect the stomach and digestion. These are often manageable with simple changes to your routine. Below are the most common issues reported in clinical trials.
- Nausea: About 44% of adults feel nauseous, especially early on.
- Diarrhea: Around 30% of users report loose or frequent stools.
- Vomiting: Roughly 24% of adults may vomit, often linked to nausea.
- Constipation: About 24% experience infrequent or hard bowel movements.
- Stomach Pain: Around 20% feel discomfort or cramping in the stomach.
Headaches are also common, affecting about 1 in 10 users. Feeling tired or weak is another side effect seen in some people. These symptoms often fade within a few weeks.
Managing Common Side Effects
Many side effects of Wegovy can be eased with simple steps. Eating smaller, more frequent meals can help with nausea and vomiting. Avoid greasy or spicy foods to reduce stomach upset.
For diarrhea, stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water. High-fiber foods like oatmeal may help slow digestion. If you have constipation, increase fiber intake with fruits, vegetables, or supplements.
Over-the-counter remedies can help. For example, paracetamol can relieve headaches, and anti-nausea medications like ondansetron may be prescribed. Always check with your doctor before taking additional medicines.
If side effects persist or worsen, contact your healthcare provider. They may adjust your dose or suggest other ways to cope. Most people find symptoms improve as they continue treatment.
Serious Side Effects to Watch For
Wegovy can cause rare but serious side effects. These require immediate medical attention. Knowing the warning signs can help you act quickly.
One serious risk is pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas. This can cause severe stomach pain that spreads to the back, often with vomiting. If you notice these symptoms, seek help right away.
Gallbladder problems, like gallstones, are another concern. Symptoms include upper stomach pain, fever, or yellowing of the skin. These issues were reported in less than 2% of users but need prompt care.
Low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, can occur, especially if you take diabetes medications. Signs include shakiness, sweating, or confusion. Your doctor may adjust your other medications to lower this risk.
Boxed Warning: Thyroid Cancer Risk
Wegovy carries a boxed warning, the FDA’s most serious alert. Animal studies showed semaglutide may increase the risk of thyroid tumors, including cancer. This risk hasn’t been confirmed in humans, but it’s a concern.
People with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) should not use Wegovy. The same applies to those with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2). Symptoms like a lump in the throat or trouble swallowing should be reported to your doctor immediately.
Allergic Reactions and Other Risks
Some people may have allergic reactions to Wegovy. Mild reactions, like a rash, can often be managed. Severe reactions, such as swelling or trouble breathing, are rare but need emergency care.
Gastroparesis, or stomach paralysis, is another rare side effect. It causes food to stay in the stomach too long, leading to nausea or bloating. Some cases improve after stopping the medication, but not always.
Kidney damage can occur if severe diarrhea or vomiting causes dehydration. Drinking fluids can help prevent this. Vision changes, especially in people with diabetic retinopathy, are also possible and should be checked by a doctor.
Long-Term Side Effects
Wegovy is designed for long-term use, but its long-term effects are still being studied. Sustained weight loss is the most common long-term outcome, with some losing over 20% of their body weight. However, stopping the drug often leads to weight regain.
Rare long-term risks include pancreatitis and gallbladder issues. Nutrient deficiencies may develop if you eat less over time. A balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, and proteins can help prevent this.
There’s no clear evidence linking Wegovy to increased cancer risk in humans. Early concerns about suicidal thoughts were raised, but recent studies found no strong connection. More research is needed to fully understand long-term impacts.
Side Effects in Clinical Trials
Clinical trials provide insight into what are the side effects of Wegovy. In weight loss studies, 6.8% of people stopped Wegovy due to side effects, compared to 3.2% on placebo. Gastrointestinal issues were the main reason for stopping.
In a 68-week trial, people lost 15–16% of their body weight on Wegovy, compared to 2–6% on placebo. About 84–85% of users lost at least 5% of their weight. These results show Wegovy’s effectiveness but also its side effects.
A two-year study found Wegovy was well-tolerated overall. However, 16.6% of users stopped due to side effects, compared to 8.2% on placebo. Gastrointestinal issues were the most common cause.
Who Should Avoid Wegovy
Not everyone can safely use Wegovy. People with a history of thyroid cancer or MEN 2 should not take it. Pregnant women or those planning pregnancy should avoid it, as it may harm the fetus.
Stop Wegovy at least two months before planning a pregnancy due to its long half-life. If you’re allergic to semaglutide or any ingredients, don’t use Wegovy. Always discuss your medical history with your doctor.
Those with diabetes or kidney issues need careful monitoring. Wegovy can interact with some medications, like insulin, increasing the risk of low blood sugar. Your doctor will review your medications before prescribing.
Table: Common vs. Serious Side Effects
| Side Effect | Frequency | Symptoms | Management |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nausea | Very common (44%) | Feeling sick, upset stomach | Eat smaller meals, avoid spicy foods |
| Diarrhea | Common (30%) | Loose, frequent stools | Stay hydrated, eat high-fiber foods |
| Pancreatitis | Rare | Severe stomach pain, vomiting | Seek immediate medical help |
| Gallbladder Issues | Rare (<2%) | Upper stomach pain, fever, jaundice | Contact doctor promptly |
| Thyroid Cancer Risk | Rare (animal studies) | Lump in throat, trouble swallowing | Avoid in high-risk groups, monitor |
Tips for Safe Use
Start Wegovy at a low dose to minimize side effects. Your doctor will gradually increase it over 16 weeks. Inject it under the skin in the belly, thigh, or upper arm, as directed.
Follow a healthy diet and exercise plan to boost Wegovy’s benefits. Stay hydrated, especially if you have diarrhea or vomiting. Report any unusual symptoms to your doctor right away.
Regular check-ups are important. Your doctor may order blood tests to monitor your liver or pancreas. Share any side effects with your healthcare provider to ensure safe use.
What Are the Side Effects of Wegovy: Key Takeaways
Wegovy is effective for weight loss and heart health but comes with side effects. Common issues like nausea, diarrhea, and constipation are usually mild and manageable. Serious risks, such as pancreatitis or gallbladder problems, are rare but need immediate attention.
Always consult your doctor before starting Wegovy. They can help you weigh the benefits against the risks. With proper care, many people use Wegovy safely and achieve their weight loss goals.
FAQ
What are the most common side effects of Wegovy?
Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, and stomach pain are the most common. These affect 20–44% of users, especially early in treatment. They often improve within weeks with lifestyle changes.
Can Wegovy cause serious health problems?
Yes, though rare, serious issues like pancreatitis, gallbladder problems, or allergic reactions can occur. Seek medical help if you have severe stomach pain or breathing issues. Always monitor symptoms closely.
How can I manage nausea from Wegovy?
Eat small, frequent meals and avoid greasy or spicy foods. Ginger or over-the-counter anti-nausea drugs may help. Talk to your doctor if nausea persists.
Is Wegovy safe for long-term use?
Wegovy is considered safe for long-term use for most people. Side effects are usually mild, but long-term risks like nutrient deficiencies are possible. Regular doctor visits are key.
Who should not take Wegovy?
People with thyroid cancer history, MEN 2, or allergies to semaglutide should avoid Wegovy. It’s not safe during pregnancy. Discuss your medical history with your doctor before starting.
Dr. Hamza is a medical content reviewer with over 12+ years of experience in healthcare research and patient education. He specializes in evidence-based health information, medications, and chronic conditions. His reviews are grounded in trusted medical sources and current clinical guidelines to ensure accuracy, transparency, and reliability. Content reviewed by Dr. Hamza is intended for educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.